Dr. H. Friedman
STATISTICS
Midterm Review I
The following problems are designed to help you study for the midterm examination. Solutions are on the bottom of the page.
(1) For each of the following, indicate whether the data is measured on a nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio scale.
_______ a) waist sizes of 65-year-old men
_______ b) amount of alcohol in a can of Budweiser beer
_______ c) countries of origin of CUNY students
_______ d) temperature in centigrade of Starbuck’s coffee
_______ e) religions of CUNY college students
_______ f) social class of CUNY students
_______ g) weights of 65-year-old women
_______ h) IQ of CUNY students
_______ i) scores on the CPA exam for CUNY students
_______ j) speeds of fastballs thrown by American League
pitchers
_______ k) strength categories of hurricanes (1, 2, …, 5)
_______ l) genders of Wal-Mart employees
_______ m)
rank of college professors (Instructor, Assistant Professor, Associate
Professor, Full Professor)
________n) class standing of CUNY students (Freshman,
Sophomore, … )
(2) Indicate which of the following are discrete measurements and which are continuous measurements:
Discrete Continuous
___ ___ a) the number of defective
laptops in batches of 30
___ ___ b) life of a Duracell battery
___ ___ c) mileage of Toyota Prius cars
___ ___ d) weight of guinea pigs
___ ___ e) span of butterfly wings
___ ___ f) number of left-handed people
on basketball teams
___ ___ g) time to complete the New York
City Marathon
___ ___ h) amount of alcohol in a can of
beer
___ ___ i) number of foreign students in
each statistics class
___ ___ j) height of basketball players
___ ___ k) number of pens in backpacks
of college students
(3) Indicate which of the following is a parameter and which is a statistic:
Parameter Statistic
___ ___ a) sample mean
___ ___ b) population standard deviation
___ ___ c) sample standard deviation
___ ___ d) population variance
___ ___ e) population median
___ ___ f) population mean
___ ___ g) a mean obtained from the U.S.
census
(4) For each of the following, indicate the appropriate statistical measures that may be used for analysis (e.g., proportions, median, quantiles, mode, mean, …). List as many as are appropriate.
a) For data measured on a nominal scale, you may use:
___________________________
b) For data measured on an ordinal scale, you may use:
___________________________
c) For data measured on an interval scale, you may use:
___________________________
(5) CUNY has 200,000 students. A researcher wants a sample of 2,000 students. Students are assigned numbers and then random numbers are used so that every student has an equal chance of being selected (1%).
a) This is known as a: ___________________.
b) Measurements obtained from this are known as:
___________________.
c) Suppose the researcher decides to survey all 200,000
students. This is called a _________________.
d) Any measurement obtained is known as a ________________.
(6) A researcher has converted all grades on this year’s CPA exams into Z-scores.
a) The average Z-score will be: ________
b) If CPA exam scores are normally distributed, about
______ % of scores will be between +1 and -1.
c) If CPA exam scores are skewed and not normally
distributed, we still would expect at least __________ % of the Z-scores to be
between +2 and -2.
d) You find out that the exam scores are normally
distributed, and that your score on the exam is exactly +1.96. This means you
scored higher than ______ % of the individuals who took the exam.
(7) The life of a Hyundai Excel car is normally distributed with a mean life of 15 years, and a population standard deviation of 2 years. What proportion of Hyundai Excels will die within 10 years?
(8) a) If P(A and B) = 0, then A and B are: _________
b) If P(A|B) = P(A), then A and B are: ________
c) Is P(A|B) always equal to P(B|A)? _____
d) Is P(A and B) always equal to P(B and A)?____
(9) A manufacturer of computers has lowered prices for her
product. A sample of 16 stores selected randomly indicate the following sales (in units)
during the past week:
0, 10, 2, 10, 3, 10, 3, 10, 6, 6, 8, 8, 4, 4, 5, 6
(a) Calculate: The mean, median, Q1, Q3, mode, range, IQR, standard deviation, variance,
and the coefficient of variation. (b) Standardize the 10 (i.e., convert the 10 into a
z-score):
(10) The following is a frequency distribution showing the amount of time it took a sample
of employees to complete a certain job:
Number of Days |
Frequency |
2 |
10 |
4 |
17 |
5 |
18 |
7 |
12 |
9 |
40 |
10 |
3 |
(a) Calculate the mean, median, Q1, Q3, mode, and range.
(11) A study of smoking and sex found the following relationship:
Male |
Female |
|
| Smokes | 150 |
130 |
| Does Not Smoke | 250 |
470 |
(a) Compute these probabilities: P(male) ; P(female (and) smoker); P(female or smoker);
P(male/smoker); P(smoker/male). (b) Prove that smoking and sex are not independent.
(12) Ten percent of the population is left-handed. What is the probability of 2 lefties in
a group of 10?
(13) The mileage of cars is normally distributed with a mean of 20 mpg and a standard
deviation of 4 mpg. (mpg is miles per gallon). Calculate the following:
(a) The percentage of cars under 15 mpg: (b) The percentage of cars above 22 mpg:
(c) The probability that a car will have a mileage between 22 and 28 mpg: (d) Compute the
mpg of the top 10% of cars (i.e., the 90th percentile) (e) Compute the 9th percentile.
(14) Define each of the following: (a) parameter and statistic (b) population mean (c)
mutually exclusive (d) interquartile range (e) histogram and bar chart (f) skewness (g)
symmetric (h) independence (i) permutation (j) combination (k) probability density
function (l) percentile (m) nominal, ordinal, inteval, and ratio scales. (n) discrete and
continuous measurements (o) frequency distribution.
Nominal Scale:
E-mail: x.friedman@att.net