(2) General Requirements. In addition to meeting the applicable provisions of this Part, to be registered as a program leading to certification in teacher education, such program shall meet the general requirements set forth in this subdivision, except to the extent that such general requirements are explicitly stated to be inapplicable in this paragraph or in the specific requirements for the certification title as set forth in paragraph (3) of this subdivision, and shall also meet the specific requirements set forth in paragraph (3) of this subdivision.

(i) Standards for all programs. In addition to meeting the applicable provisions of this Part, including but not limited to the applicable provisions of section 52.2 of the Part, all programs leading to certification in teacher education shall meet the following requirements:
(a) Programs shall have a written statement of the philosophy, purposes and objectives of the program.
(b) Institutions shall demonstrate how faculty in the arts and sciences and faculty in education cooperate for the purpose of ensuring that prospective teachers receive academic preparation of high quality, equivalent to that of students in other fields.
(c) Institutions shall demonstrate efforts to recruit qualified faculty and student bodies for teacher education from groups historically underrepresented in such programs.
(d) Institutions shall demonstrate efforts to recruit and retain qualified faculty who understand the problems of high need schools and have professional experience in such schools.
(e) Institutions shall publish information about each of its teacher education programs that shall be made available to prospective and enrolled students. The information shall include but need not be limited to, as available, relevant statistics about the labor market and job availability for each certificate title for which a teacher education program is offered, including the source of the statistics and the period of time and geographic area to which the statistics refer.
(f) Institutions shall demonstrate how they maintain formal relationships with local schools for the purpose of improving the preparation of teachers and improving teaching and learning at both the institutional and the elementary and/or secondary school levels.
(g) Institutions shall demonstrate how they promote faculty involvement with public or nonpublic schools for the purpose of improving the preparation of teachers with regard to understanding diversity and issues facing high need schools;
(h) Institutions shall provide sufficient numbers of qualified, full-time faculty in order to: foster and maintain continuity and stability in teacher education programs and policies; ensure that the majority of credit-bearing courses in the program are offered by full-time faculty; and ensure the proper discharge of all other faculty responsibilities. Faculty teaching assignments shall not exceed 12 semester hours per semester for undergraduate courses, or 9 semester hours per semester for graduate courses, or 21 semester hours per academic year for faculty who teach a combination of graduate and undergraduate courses, while still providing sufficient course offerings to allow students to complete their programs in the minimum time required for earning the degree. Individual faculty members shall not supervise more than 18 student teachers per semester. Supervision of field experiences, practica, and student teaching shall be considered by the institution in determining faculty load, and institutions shall demonstrate how such supervision is considered in determining faculty load. The Commissioner may grant a waiver from one or more requirements of this clause upon a showing of good cause satisfactory to the Commissioner, including but not limited to a showing that the institution cannot meet the requirement because of the nature of the program, which otherwise meets the requirements of this Part.
(i) Institutions shall demonstrate that participation in relationships with local schools is a valued component of the responsibilities of the faculty with primary appointments to teacher education.
(j) Institutions shall provide sufficient resources and equipment and adequate facilities and physical space, as prescribed in section 52.2(a) of this Part, to support effective teaching and scholarship by faculty and effective learning and scholarship by students in the program.
(k) Institutions shall demonstrate how they use various types of assessments to evaluate students for admission to teacher education programs and based on such assessments prescribe study and experiences that will enable students to develop the knowledge, understanding, and skills necessary to successfully meet the requirements for certification upon program completion.

(ii) Standards for programs leading to an initial certificate. In addition to meeting the applicable provisions of this Part, including but not limited to the applicable provisions of section 52.2 of the Part, programs leading to an initial certificate shall be programs leading to a baccalaureate or higher degree, which shall include a requirement that the candidate complete a general education core in the liberal arts and sciences as prescribed in clause (a) of this subparagraph, a content core as prescribed in clause (b) of this subparagraph, and a pedagogical core as prescribed in clause (c) of this subparagraph.
(a) General education core in the liberal arts and sciences. The program shall include a requirement that the candidate complete study that prepares candidates with knowledge, understanding, and skills in the liberal arts and sciences, including but not limited to: artistic expression; communication; information retrieval; concepts in history and social sciences; humanities; a language other than English; scientific and mathematical processes; and written analysis and expression.
(b) Content core. The program shall include a requirement that the candidate complete study in the subject(s) to be taught which shall prepare candidates with the knowledge base to teach the subject(s), in accordance with the State Learning Standards for students, as prescribed in Part 100 of this Title, and shall prepare candidates for refining and expanding that knowledge base.
(c) Pedagogical core. The program shall include a requirement that the candidate complete study in a pedagogical core that provides the candidate with the pedagogical knowledge, understanding, and skills as set forth in subclause (1) of this clause and field experiences, and student teaching and/or practica as set forth in subclause (2) of this clause.
(1) Pedagogical knowledge, understanding, and skills. The program shall provide study that will permit candidates to obtain the following pedagogical knowledge, understanding, and skills:
(i) human developmental processes and variations, including but not limited to: the impact of culture, heritage, socioeconomic level, personal health and safety, nutrition, past or present abusive or dangerous environment, and factors in the home, school, and community on students’ readiness to learn -- and skill in applying that understanding to create a safe and nurturing learning environment that is free of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs and that fosters the health and learning of all students, and the development of a sense of community and respect for one another;
(ii) learning processes, motivation, communication, and classroom management -- and skill in applying those understandings to stimulate and sustain student interest, cooperation, and achievement to each student’s highest level of learning in preparation for productive work, citizenship in a democracy, and continuing growth;
(iii) the nature of students within the full range of disabilities and special health-care needs, and the effect of those disabilities and needs on learning and behavior -- and skill in identifying strengths, individualizing instruction, and collaborating with others to prepare students with disabilities and special needs to their highest levels of academic achievement and independence;
(iv) language acquisition and literacy development by native English speakers and students who are English language learners
-- and skill in developing the listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills of all students through at least 6 semester hours of study;
(v) curriculum development, instructional planning, and multiple research-validated instructional strategies for teaching students within the full range of abilities -- and skill in designing and offering differentiated instruction that enhances the learning of all students in the content area(s) of the certificate;
(vi) uses of technology, including instructional and assistive technology, in teaching and learning -- and skill in using technology and teaching students to use technology to acquire information, communicate, and enhance learning;
(vii) formal and informal methods of assessing student learning and the means of analyzing one’s own teaching practice -- and skill in using information gathered through assessment and analysis to plan or modify instruction, and skill in using various resources to enhance teaching;
(viii) history, philosophy, and role of education, the rights and responsibilities of teachers and other professional staff, students, parents, community members, school administrators, and others with regard to education, and the importance of productive relationships and interactions among the school, home, and community for enhancing student learning -- and skill in fostering effective relationships and interactions to support student growth and learning, including skill in resolving conflicts;
(ix) means to update knowledge and skills in the subject(s) taught and in pedagogy;
(x) means for identifying and reporting suspected child abuse and maltreatment, which shall include at least two clock hours of coursework or training regarding the identification and reporting of suspected child abuse or maltreatment, in accordance with the requirements of section 3004 of the Education Law; and
(xi) means for instructing students for the purpose of preventing child abduction, in accordance with Education Law section 803-a; preventing alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse, in accordance with Education Law section 804; providing safety education, in accordance with Education Law section 806; and providing instruction in fire and arson prevention, in accordance with Education Law section 808.

(2) Field experiences, student teaching and practica.
(i) The program shall include at least 100 clock hours of field experiences related to coursework prior to student teaching or practica. The program shall include at least two college-supervised student-teaching experiences of at least 20 school days each; or at least two college-supervised practica with individual students or groups of students of at least twenty school days each. This requirement shall be met by student teaching, unless the specific requirements for the certificate title in paragraph (3) of this subdivision require practica.
(ii) The field experiences, student teaching and practica shall:
(A) be consistent with the program’s philosophy, purposes and objectives and carefully selected and planned by program faculty, with learning outcomes specified and their achievement regularly evaluated;
(B) be accompanied by coursework or seminars and supervised by one or more faculty who participate actively in the program and in program development, and who have training and skills in supervision and the expertise to provide supervision related to content and pedagogy. Full-time faculty shall participate in supervising students during their student-teaching or practica experiences;
(C) provide candidates with experiences in a variety of communities and across the range of student developmental levels of the certificate, an opportunity for practicing skills for interacting with parents or caregivers, an opportunity to work in high need schools, and an opportunity to work with each of the following student populations: socioeconomically disadvantaged students, students who are English language learners, and students with disabilities; and
(D) for programs preparing candidates for more than one certificate, ensure that candidates have field experiences and student-teaching or practica experiences related to each certificate.
(iii) Upon written application by the institution, the commissioner may grant a time-limited approval for an alternate model for field experiences and college-supervised student teaching or practica, provided that the institution demonstrates the success of such model or has an adequate plan for demonstrating that the model will be successful.
(iv) Other options for candidates holding another classroom teaching certificate to meet the student teaching or practica requirement are set forth in the teacher certification requirements of this Title for the particular certificate title.

(iii) Standards for programs leading to a professional certificate.

(a) In addition to meeting the applicable provisions of this Part, including but not limited to the applicable provisions of section 52.2 of the Part, programs registered as leading to a professional certificate shall lead to a master's or higher degree and meet one of the following requirements:
(1) The program shall meet the requirements for an initial certificate; or
(2) The program shall meet the requirements for an extension or annotation of a certificate for candidates holding such certificate or simultaneously meeting the requirements for such certificate; or
(3) For professional certificates in early childhood education, childhood education, middle childhood education (generalist), teaching students with disabilities in early childhood, teaching students with disabilities in childhood, teaching students with disabilities in middle childhood (generalist), teaching students who are deaf or hard of hearing, teaching students who are blind or visually impaired, teaching English to speakers of other languages, and educational technology specialist, and for no other professional certificates, the program shall lead to a master's or higher degree that includes at least 12 semester hours in graduate study that links pedagogy and content in each of the following areas of the State Learning Standards for students: English language arts; mathematics, science and technology; and social studies. Such programs shall be jointly designed by faculty of these content areas and faculty of education to link content and pedagogy; or
(4) For professional certificates in middle childhood education (specialist); adolescence education; teacher of a special subject; or teacher of the career field of agriculture, or business and marketing, or family and consumer sciences, and for no other professional certificates, the program shall lead to a master's or higher degree that includes at least 12 semester hours in graduate study that links pedagogy and content in the subject of the certificate or a related subject. Such programs shall be jointly designed by faculty of these content areas and faculty of education to link content and pedagogy.

(b) Other options for fulfilling the educational requirements for the professional certificate are set forth in the teacher certification requirements of this Title.

 (iv) Institutional accountability.

(a) Institutions shall be accountable for the quality of their programs leading to certification in teacher education and the candidates who complete such programs, and shall demonstrate that their teacher education programs are evaluated regularly and that such evaluations are considered for making program improvements.

(b) Candidate performance on New York State Teacher Certification Examinations.
(1) The department shall conduct a registration review in the event that fewer than 80 percent of those students who satisfactorily complete the institution's program and also apply for certification pass each required examination for a teaching certificate. For purposes of this clause, students who satisfactorily complete the institution's program shall mean students who have met each educational requirement of the program, excluding any institutional requirement that the student pass each required examination of the New York State Teacher Certification Examinations for a teaching certificate in order to complete the program. Students satisfactorily meeting each educational requirement may include students who earn a degree or students who complete each educational requirement without earning a degree. For determining this percentage, the department shall consider the performance on each certification examination of those students completing the state teacher certification examinations before or within one year of program completion, and shall consider only the highest score of individuals taking a test more than once.
(2) The registration review initiated by not meeting the percentage prescribed in subclause (1) of this clause shall require the institution to submit a corrective action plan within four months of being notified by the department of not meeting the percentage. If the department approves the plan, the department shall define a timeframe for its implementation and shall assess the effectiveness of the plan within three years of initiation of the plan. If the department does not approve the plan or determines that the institution is not meeting the terms of the plan, and the department determines that the institution is not meeting the other requirements of this Part, the institution shall be subject to denial of re-registration in accordance with the requirements of section 52.23 of this Part.
(3) By January 15, 2000 and annually by January 15 thereafter, each institution with programs registered pursuant to this section shall provide the department with a list of all students who satisfactorily complete each of its teacher education programs in the preceding year, July 1 through June 30.

(c) Accreditation.

(1) For programs registered prior to September 1, 2001, the requirements of subclause (2) of this clause shall be met by December 31, 2004. For programs registered for the first time on or after September 1, 2001, the requirements of subclause (2) of this clause shall be met within five years of the date of the commencement of such initial registration.
(2) Programs shall be accredited by either:
(i) an acceptable professional education accrediting association, meaning an organization which is determined by the department to have equivalent standards to the standards set forth in this Part; or
(ii) the Regents, pursuant to a Regents accreditation process.