FIELD TRIP | ![saratoga state park](saratoga/saraa.jpg) |
"SEDIMENTARY FACIES: Products of Sedimentary Environments in Catskill Mountains, Mohawk Valley, and Taconic Sequence, Eastern New York State" |
PROF. GERALD M. FRIEDMAN |
This field trip examines sedimentary facies which originated in shallow- as well as in deep marine waters. |
![interrelations](saratoga/fac.jpg) |
Inferred interrelations of Cambrian-Ordovician shelf, slope, and basin facies of the area of Troy and its environs. |
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SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK |
![saratoga](saratoga/sara2.jpg) |
Orenda Spring |
Bicarbonate-charged, saline waters being "tested" by members of our field trip. These waters are "super-charged" with salts. These salts precipitate around orifices of wells, terraces from which water descends, or as a cone around a "geyser". Waters enriched in calcium bicarbonate issue from the subsurface, lose their carbon dioxide and insoluble calcite precipitates: |
2HCO3- + Ca++ --><-- 2CaCO3 + H2O + CO3 |
![GEYSER](saratoga/geyser1.jpg) |
![Krisha1](saratoga/fount3.jpg) | ![krishna2](saratoga/fount1.jpg) |
Krishna going for the "test" | Krishna's face after the "test" |
![Prof. Friedman](saratoga/fount4.jpg) | ![Supy](saratoga/fount2.jpg) |
Prof. Friedman's satisfaction after the "test" | Supy going for the "test" |
![saratoga2](saratoga/geyser.jpg) | ![saratoga3](saratoga/sara1.jpg) |
Island Spouter "Geyser" and the large cone of travertine formed by the same. | Prof. Friedman standing in front of the Hayes Well Spring. In the background the Island Spouter "Geyser". |
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LESTER PARK |
Domed Cyanobacterial Cabbage Heads: (Stromatolites) |
Top view of stromatolites showing domed laminae known as cabbage head structures. |
![stromatolite1](saratoga/strom1.jpg) | ![stromatolite2](saratoga/strom2.jpg) |
![stromatolite3](saratoga/strom3.jpg) | ![stromatolite5](saratoga/strom4.jpg) |
![hoyt fmtion.](saratoga/strom5.jpg) | Graduate students working in the Hoyt Formation |
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SCHOHARIE CROSSING |
![lock erie canal](saratoga/locks.jpg) |
The original Erie Canal,completed in 1825, was 363 miles long. It had 83 locks, with a boat channel 40-feet wide by 4-feet deep. Lock 20 and the East Guard Lock date from the canal's first stage. Begining in 1835, The Erie Canal was widened to 70 feet, deepened to 7 feet , and 72 improved locks were constructed. |
![lock erie canal](saratoga/erieca1.jpg) | ![lock erie canal](saratoga/erieca2.jpg) |
Remaining structure of the Erie Canal. Picture of the Tribes Hill Lock 12 | Remaining structure of the Erie Canal. |
TR> |
TROY HIGH SCHOOL QUARRY |
![brecciolas](saratoga/hsquarry.jpg) | ![brecciolas](saratoga/breccio.jpg) |
Troy High School Quarry. Brecciolas (conglomerates of shallow water origin)in deep water (basin margin facies). West Castleton Fmtion. (lower Cambrian) | Close-up of the outcrop at the Troy High School Quarry. |
TR> |
POESTENKILL FALLS |
![poestenkill falls](saratoga/poes.jpg) | ![people](saratoga/people.jpg) |
Poestenkill Falls. Ordovician rocks highly tectonized. | Graduate students involved in this field trip. |
![friend](saratoga/friend.jpg) | Supy's field geology partner, waiting for Supy outside the Northeast Science Foundation |