- MINERALS
- How to determine properties of minerals
- Identification of unknowns using Mineral Identification Charts
- Theory as discussed in Lou-Lulu dialogs and other information sources.
- Answers to Journal entry questions.
- MAPS
- Mastering map reading skills is required. You should be able to answer questions about maps similar to those asked in the 'on-line' quizzes and in your assignments. Here is what you are required to know about maps:
- The general uses of maps.
- How to determine horizontal distance between points on a map.
- How to determine the direction from one point to another on a map.
- How to locate a point using latitude and longitude.
- How to visualize a three-dimensional surface from a looking at a contour map.
- How to match up landform descriptions with contour representations of landforms.
- How to write brief descriptions of landforms.
- How to judge steepness and determine average gradient.
- How to label contours.
- How to determine the elevation of any point on a contour map.
- The topography (landforms) of the NYC region.
- The place names of the NYC region.
- How to read and construct geologic maps
- Information provided on 'rollovers'.
THE LANDFORMS OF THE NYC REGION
- Here is what you need to know or be able to do:
- Acquire, organize and manipulate geologic data.
- The distribution and character of the geologic materials of the NYC region and how they are related to the NYC landforms.
- Information provided on 'rollovers'.
- Answers to Journal entry questions.
- Discuss and evaluate and compare geologic hypotheses as to the origin of landforms of the NYC region.
- Propose and test hypotheses in geology.
THE GEOLOGISTS' WORLD
- Here is what you need to know or be able to do:
- The Glacial Theory.
- Discuss the nature and meaning of 'proof' in geology.
THE FOURTH DIMENSION
- Here is what you need to know or be able to do:
- How igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks form.
- How the origin of a particular rock may be determined.
- The role of mineralogy.
- The role of texture.
- The role of structure.
- The role of field relationships
- How relative age may be determined.
- Using the Law of Superposition.
- Using the Law of Original Horizontality.
- Using the Law of Lateral Continuity.
- Using the Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships.
- Using the Law of Inclusions.
- Using the Law of Biotal Succession.
- Using correlation and the 'bracketing' technique.
- How absolute age may be determined.
- Using the 'counting' method.
- Using 'pattern matching'.
- Using radiometric techniques.
- How these techniques may be used to unfold the history of the earth.
- Be able to 'take apart' a geologic cross-section and determine the sequence of events that led to its formation.
- Be able to 'take apart' a geologic cross-section and determine the relative and absolute ages of all rocks and structures present.
- Understand the major assumptions underlying and uncertainties inherent in attempts to decipher earth history.
- The Doctrine of Unformitarianism.
- The 'gap effect'.
- The nature of the fossil record
- In general, be able to distinguish between assumptions, observations, hypotheses, and tests of hypotheses.
- Understand the role of the 'black box' and the nature of 'proof' in geology.
THE DROWNING OF NEW YORK
- Here is what you need to know or be able to do:
- Understand arguments made about hazards posed by storm surge, sea level changes, and global climate changes.
- Be able to read and interpret recurrence interval graphs.
- Evaluate the reliability of claims made by organizations that discuss environmental issues.
- Discuss the importance, to scientists and non-scientists alike, of being able to evaluate claims about the effects of the natural environment upon human life.
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