* An asterisk indicates topics that are not adequately explained in the indicated chapter but will be taken up later in the book or in class. Get what you can out of them at this point.

Chapter 1. Introduction. (Note: Those who have taken Geology 33.1, History of Geology, may be amused by the author's simplifications and occasional errors in discussing 'Historic Contributions.) geomorphology, relict, alluvium, delta, erosion, denudation, weathering, differential erosion, floodplain, alpine glaciers, unconformity, uniformitarianism, drainage basin, 'Playfair's Law'*, gradient, equilibrium, longitudinal profile, subsequent valley*, bedload, transgressive deposits, subaerial erosion, continental glacier, coral reef, atoll, barrier reef, bedrock, base level, graded stream, lateral planation, stream competence, pediment*, drainage pattern, divide, isostatic rebound, pluvial, block faulting, stream load, stream discharge, the cycle of erosion (youth, maturity, old age), peneplain.

Chapter 2. Basic Concepts. origin: process, history (evolution of forms); geomorphic processes; tectonism; nivation basin*, headwall*, scoured basin*; neotectonism, escarpment, ridge, relict landforms and uniformitarianism, equilibrium, negative feedback, graded stream, profile of equilibrium, stream 'reach', graded slopes, steady-state equilibrium, declining equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium, positive feedback, rational and empirical approaches, multiple working hypotheses, anomaly, stream capture by headward erosion*.

Chapter 11. Landforms Developed on Igneous Rocks. volcanoes: active, dormant, extinct; viscosity controls and eruptive violence; pyroclastic (tephra); central vent vs fissure eruptions; vent vs. crater; read descriptions of Types of Eruptions (don't memorize); ash fall, ash flow = pyroclastic flow = glowing avalanche, nuee ardente, tsunami; volcanic landforms: shield, stratovolcano=composite cone, cinder cone, plug dome, spatter cone; aa, pahoehoe, lava tube, pressure ridge, lava levees; topographic inversion; rifts; Prediction of eruptions; Diversion; discordant plutons: volcanic neck, dike vs. hogback, stock, batholith; concordant plutons: sill, laccolith; mesa, cuesta, hogback; columnar jointing.

Chapter 9. Topographic Expression of Folded Strata: intial forms vs. differential erosion; anticlinal ridges, synclinal valleys; resistance of carbonate rocks; drainage pattern adjustment; dendritic drainage*; cliff and bench topography; basal sapping; stripped structural surface, mesa, butte; consequent streams*, homoclinal shifting, subsequent streams*, scarp face, dip slope, cuesta, hogback, homoclinal ridges and (strike) valleys, V-shaped notches, flatirons; topographic inversion, anticlinal valley, truncated, synclinal ridge, breached anticline, zig-zag ridges and valleys, tapering v.s blunt noses; structural domes and basins, centripetal drainage*, annular drainage*; unconformities, discordance, thrust sheets vs. unconformable cover mass*, antecedent and superposed streams.

Chapter 10. Topographic Expression of Folds and Joints: direct tectonic offset vs. differential erosion; joint vs. fault; origins of tensional stress; note how Fig. 10-7 resembles an unconformity; rectangular and angular drainage patterns*; triangular facets vs. flatirons; drag folding; springs and faulting; fault scarp, fault line scarp, composite fault scarp; multiple origins for scarps; fault splinters and slices; fault slices v.s slumps; hanging valley, wineglass structure, ponding; obsequent and resequent fault-line scarps; fault block mountains*, tilted fault block mountains*; offset streams, shutter ridges; thrust fault; klippe.

Chapter 3. Weathering: weathering vs. erosion; mechanical weathering; unloading, sheeting joints, exfoliation, exfoliation domes; frost wedging; hydrofracturing, efflorescence; hydration pressure; spalling, diurnal, niche; dipolar, corrasion (the wearing away of rocks by abrasion), get what you can out of the section on chemical weathering; natural flushing, solution, ferricrete (a tough conglomerate with an iron oxide cement), laterite (an iron-aluminum rich soil that upon wetting and drying can become very hard); controls of rate and character of weathering: parent material, mineral stability, climate, vegetation, topography, time; leaching; infiltration capacity; aspect;, interdependence of factors of weathering; equilibrium thickness; swelling and non-swelling clays; granular disintegration, grus; weathering pits and residual (etched) knobs; spheroidal (onion-skin) weathering, core stones; tors; cavernous (honey-comb) weathering, tafoni; stripping, inselbergs; inselbergs and tors vs. buttes; soil, soil profile, soil horizon, O horizon, A horizon (zone of leaching), B horizon (zone of accumulation; calciche, calcrete), C horizon; immature and mature soils; equilibrium; polygenetic soils; loess; paleosols.

Chapter 7: Ground Water: groundwater, porosity, permeability, water table, aquifers, ground subsidence, karst, dolomite, bedding plane partings, sinkhole, solution- and collapse-sinkholes, stoping, compound sinkholes, polje, disappearing stream, swallow hole, dry valley, blind valley, pocket valley, phreatic and vadose flow, caves, anastomosing, karst window, natural bridge, dripstone, travertine, stalactites, stalagmites, columns, residual hills.

Chapter 4: Mass Wasting: mass wasting, elastic solid, plastic solid, slope angle, shear stress, normal stress, strain, sliding friction, internal friction, angle of repose, cohesion, pore water pressure, quicksand, quick clays, Figure 4.8 (Selby Table), external and internal causes of slope instability, flow vs. slip, creep, colluvium, solifluction, landslides, rockslides, debris slides, rockfalls, rock topple, talus, slump, debris avalanches, avalanche chutes, flows, earth flows, debris flows, mudflows, mudflow deposits vs. glacial till, lahars, debris torrents, Evolution of Hillslopes*, convex creep slopes, concave wash slopes.

Chapter 5: Fluvial Processes: the hydrologic cycle; recurrence interval (Fig. 5-1); intensity; relation between intensity, duration, and recurrence interval (Fig 5-3); antecedent precipitation; infiltration capacity, permeability, porosity; runoff, sheetflow, rills, gullies; discharge, wetted perimeter, discharge and velocity; all terms used in Fig 5-8 flood hydrograph; flood frequency curves; levee; dating and reconstruction of paleofloods: understand major points, don't memorize details; friction and stream flow; laminar flow vs. turbulent flow; wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius; hydraulic shear; role of the shape of channel cross section; slope increase vs. discharge increase effect upon bed transport; load determinants; magnitude of dissolved load; entrained; different load transport mechanisms; saltation as a brake; meandering streams, meander cutoff, point bar, helical flow pattern, oxbow lake; braided streams; graded stream; base level; profile of equilibrium; cavitation; potholes; degradation and aggradation.

Chapter 6: Fluvial Landforms: Playfair's Law; morphometric parameters; the hypsometric integral*; stream ordering; bifurcation ratio; stream length ratio; stream slope ratio; basin area ratio; drainage density; consequent, insequent, obsequent, resequent streams; dendritic, trellis, rectangular, angular, radial, annular, centripetal, parallel patterns; stream capture; autocapture; winds gaps*; elbow of capture; flood plains; pediments*, bajadas, playas; alluvial fans, fanhead trenching; deltas, turbidity currents; distributary channels; Cycle of Erosion; base level; peneplain; ultimate and local, temporary base levels; youth, maturity, old age; spur ridges; meander core, arch; surfaces similar to fluvial erosion surfaces (p. 172); stream terraces; eustatic sea level change; stream responses to eustatic sea level changes, tectonism, climate changes that -> load-discharge changes; lateral planation; stripped structural surface; differences between cyclic erosional surfaces and stripped structural surfaces; marine erosional surfaces; non-paired terraces.

Chapter 12: Glacial Processes: glacier - definition; firn = neve; glacial ice; C-axes; banding; basal plane; anisotropic; glide planes; pressure-melting point; regelation; elastic, plastic, brittle; strain rates; temperate and polar glaciers; strain rate vs. velocity; zones of accumulation and ablation; basal sliding; grooves, striations, polish; subglacial water; extending and compressive flow; transverse, chevron, longitudinal and radial crevasses; ogives; temperate (wet-based) glaciers, polar (cold-based = dry-based) glaciers; alpine, cirque, valley, outlet, piedmont glaciers; calving; ice sheets, ice caps; mass balance (= economy); zones of accumulation and ablation; sublimation; firn line, equilibrium line; ice discharge; terminus; positive feedback effect of protracted negative net mass balance; response time; surge; glacial abrasion and plucking; rock flour; ice thickness effect upon abrasion; chattermarks; types of drift: till, outwash, glaciolacustrine; diamictons; lodgement and ablation till; glaciofluviatile deposits= outwash; varves; loess.

Chapter 13: Glacial Landforms: cirque; nivation, nivation basin; bergschrund; cirque headwall; arête, col, horn; glacial trough, truncated spurs, hanging valley; fjord; paternoster lakes; finger lakes; roches moutonnees; end moraines, 'conveyor belt' moraine, push moraine, dead-ice moraine, multiple end moraines, recessional moraine; lateral moraine; medial moraine; ground moraine; drumlins, drumlin field; flutes; eskers; kames; kame terrace; outwash plain.

Chapter 16: Shorelines: waves; fetch; wave length, height and period; wave form; shoaling water; breaker; surf; swash; backwash; tsunamis; seismic sea waves; storm surges; seiches; tides; tidal currents; spring and neap tides; rip currents; wave refraction; orthogonals; headlands and bays; longshore currents; sea cliff; wave-cut notch; wave-cut platform; sea stacks; sea caves; sea arches; beach profile; berm; beach face; longshore bars and troughs; beach cusps; littoral drifting: beach drift & longshore currents; spits, recurved spits; lagoon; baymouth bar; tombolo; offshore breakwater; barrier island; marsh, tidal inlet; coral reefs - fringing, barrier, atolls, Darwin's subsidence theory; classifications of coasts