1. The Revolution and the Balances of Power (international support–role of the Spanish and complicating hemispheric issues; North America–treaty system, Treaty of Paris, and fate of Indian nations)

2. Independent America (realism vs. idealism in US foreign policy; role of commerce; impact of ideas–state constitutions, Articles of Confederation, Constitution as models?)

II. The Haitian Revolution

1. Touissant and the Great Powers (Haiti and the French Revolution; the emergence of Touissant; murky status of Haiti; British invasion; French ambivalence—divisions between planter class and Paris government; US—military aid to quasi-alliance; Napoleonic invasion and background to Louisiana Purchase)

2. Haiti and the “Specter of Revolution” (Haiti and the origins of social revolution; French exiles and the Caribbean intellectual world—Southern emigration and fears; Latin American attitude—Creole elite and French planters?, Haiti and Dominican Republic)

III. Toward a Wider Revolutionary World

1. The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions (Wars of French Revolution and demise of Spain; Cadiz cabildo and Latin American counterrevolution?; Atlantic world and continuing intellectual communion—Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina; limits of revolutions—Hidalgo and Mexico)

2. The Great Powers and the Inter-American Revolutions (Britain, Smith, and world of free trade; postrevolutionary France, Metternich, and origins of Holy Alliance; Spain and need for allies; Portugal and implementation of Thomas Paine vision?; ambivalent attitude of Russia)

IV. The US and the Latin American Revolutions

1. Liss: The “Large Policy” and Its Limits (Jefferson, Madison and vision for Atlantic Empire; Latin American response; continuing importance of commerce; War of 1812 and shifting nature of inter-American relations; strategic needs: Florida and US relations with Spain; significance of recognition; spreading of democracy; Poinsett and disillusionment)

2. Gleijeses: The Limits of Sympathy

3. Domestic Politics (Clay, Adams, and the battle over diplomatic recognition; the Monroe Doctrine and the election of 1824—cabinet government, importance of Adams, long-term significance of pronouncement; Panama Congress and aftermath of “corrupt bargain”—Adams and Jacksonian forces in Congress)

Time Line
1791 origins of Haitian revolution 1793 attempted British invasion, Haiti
1800-1801 attempted French invasion, Haiti 1803 LA Purchase
1804 Haitian independence 1806 attempted British invasion, Argentina
1808 French invasion of Spain and Portugal 1810 Hidalgo revolt, Mexico
1811 Venezuelan independence, declaration modeled on US 1812 Colombian indepenence, constitution modeled on US; War of 1812
1815 Bolívar forced to retreat to the island of Jamaica 1816 Argentina declares independence
1818 Chile declares independence 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty (Florida)
1821 Mexico, Central America and Peru declare independence 1822 Pedro I, son of Portuguese King John, declares Brazil independent
1823 Monroe Doctrine 1824 Last patriot victories against Spain
1826 Panama Congress