Description

From about 1300 to 1600, the civilization emerging from the city-states and princely courts of northern Italy set the pattern for all of Europe.  In the visual and performing arts, in literature and thought, in manners, statecraft, diplomacy, espionage, and war, Italian models predominated, making the civilization of the Italian Renaissance important to study as a phenomenon of interest both in itself and for its consequences elsewhere.

In each weekly session of this overview of the Italian Renaissance, after an introduction by the instructor (20-30 minutes), we will read and discuss together, at the rate of just under one book per student per week (8-10 per student per semester), a set of monographs pertaining to a particular theme or problem.  Students will prepare an abstract (500-750 words) of each reading, which will be circulated to all students and the instructor in advance of the class. Abstracts will identify the author’s thesis, present the structure of the work and major arguments, comment on sources used and controversies addressed, and briefly report on the views of three reviewers for major journals (accessible online). Grades will be based on abstracts (80%), presentations (10%), and participation (10%).

Books have not been placed on reserve.  Students should obtain them via interlibrary loan or by purchase.  Students may choose their books in advance, clearing them first with the instructor.

For background, see Margaret L. King, The Renaissance in Europe  (New York: McGraw-Hill; London: Laurence King, 2005). There are used copies available, and the British edition, which is cheaper, can be ordered from www.amazon.co.uk .

Whole syllabus as PDF file: click here

Syllabus

Week 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 8 -- 9 -- 10 -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- 14

 Week 1

Introduction to the Italian Renaissance

Week 2

The Renaissance: problem and concept

·        Bouwsma, William J. The Waning of the Renaissance, 1550-1640. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

·         Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans. S.G.C. Middlemore. 2 vols. 1929; rpt. New York: Harper, 1954.  Online: http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/burckhardt.html

·         Celenza, Christopher S. The Lost Italian Renaissance: Humanists, Historians, and Latin's Legacy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

·         Ferguson, Wallace K. The Renaissance in Historical Thought. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1948.

·         Grendler, Paul F.  The European Renaissance in American Life. Westport CT: Greenwood, 2006.

·         Hale, J R. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. New York: Athenaeum 1994.

·         Hay, Denys. The Italian Renaissance in its Historical Background. Cambridge 1961; 2/e 1977.

·         Jardine, Lisa. Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance. London: Macmillan 1996.

·         Kerrigan, William & Gordon Braden. The Idea of the Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

·         Panofsky, Erwin. Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art. New York: Harper & Row, 1972; orig. Stockhom: Olmquist & Wiksell, 1960.

·         Rabb, Theodore K. The Last Days of the Renaissance & the March to Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 2006.

·         Stephens, John. The Italian Renaissance: The Origins of Intellectual and Artistic Change Before the Reformation. White Plains: Longman, 1990.

Week 3

Italian city-states: antiquity to the Black Death

·        Cohn, Samuel K., Jr. The Black Death Transformed : Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

·        Cohn, Samuel K., Jr. The Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central Italy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

·        Dameron, George W. Florence and its Church in the Age of Dante. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.

·        Hunt, Edwin S. The Medieval Super-Companies: A Study of the Peruzzi Company of Florence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

·        Hyde, J. K. Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: the Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000-1350. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973.

·        Jones, Philip. The Italian City-State: From Commune to Signoria. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

·        Kedar, Benjamin Z. Merchants in Crisis: Genoese and Venetian Men of Affairs and the Fourteenth-Century Depression. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.

·        Lansing, Carol. The Florentine Magnates: Lineage and Faction in a Medieval Commune. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

·         Larner, John. Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380. London: Longman, 1980.

·         Martines, Lauro. Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979; PB ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. Chapters  1-10 esp.

·         Musto, Ronald G. Apocalypse in Rome: Cola di Rienzo and the Politics of the New Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

·         Tabacco, Giovanni. The Struggle for Power in Medieval Italy: Structures of Political Rule, 400-1400. Trans. Rosalind Brown Jensen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TOP

Week 4

Florence

·         Brown, Alison. The Medici in Florence: The Exercise and Language of Power. Florence: Leo S. Olschki and Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1992.

·         Brucker, Gene A. Renaissance Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983. Orig. 1969.

·         Bullard, Melissa Meriam. Filippo Strozzi and the Medici: Favor and Finance in Sixteenth-Century Florence and Rome.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

·         Butters, Humphrey C. Governors and Government in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519. Oxford University Press, 1985.

·         Clarke, Paula C. The Soderini and the Medici: Power and Patronage in Fifteenth-Century Florence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.

·         Goldthwaite, Richard A. The Building of Renaissance Florence: An Economic and Social History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.

·         Martines, Lauro. April Blood: Florence and the Plot against the Medici. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

·         Molho, Anthony. Marriage Alliance in Late Medieval Florence. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

·         Najemy, John M. A History of Florence 1200-1575. Malden MA: Blackwell Pub, 2006.

·         Randolph, Adrian W.B. Engaging Symbols: Gender, Politics, and Public Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.

·         Rubinstein, Nicolai. The Government of Florence under the Medici, 1434-1494. 2nd ed. Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1997.  Orig. 1966.

·         Siegmund, Stefanie B. The Medici State and the Ghetto of Florence: The Construction of an Early Modern Jewish Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.

·         Stephens, J.N.. The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Week 5

Venice

·         Davis, Robert C. Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Pre-Industrial City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

·         Fenlon, Iain. The Ceremonial City: History, Memory and Myth in Renaissance Venice. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

·         Hurlburt, Holly S. The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500: Wife and Icon. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.

·         Mallett, M.E. and J.R. Hale. The Military Organization of a Renaissance State: Venice c. 1400-1617. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

·         Martin, Ruth. Witchcraft and the Inquisition in Venice, 1550-1650. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989.

·         Muir, Edward. Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.

·         Nicol, Donald M. Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

·         Pullan, Brian. Rich and Poor in Renaissance Venice: The Social Institutions of a Catholic State, to 1620. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.

·         Romano, Dennis. The Likeness of Venice: A Life of Doge Francesco Foscari, 1373-1457. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

·         Romano, Dennis. Patricians and Popolani: The Social Foundations of the Venetian Renaissance State. Baltimore-London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

·         Ruggiero, Guido. The Boundaries of Eros: Sex Crime and Sexuality in Renaissance Venice. New York-London: Oxford University Press, 1985.

·         Stahl, Alan M. Zecca: The Mint of Venice in the Middle Ages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

Week 6

Rome, Milan, Ferrara and elsewhere

·         Bentley, Jerry H. Politics and Culture in Renaissance Naples. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

·         Bratchel, M.E. Lucca, 1430-1494: The Reconstruction of an Italian City-Republic. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

·         Caferro, William. Mercenary Companies and the Decline of Siena. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

·         Epstein, Steven A. Genoa and the Genoese, 958-1528. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

·         Grubb, James S. Provincial Families of the Renaissance: Private and Public Life in the Veneto. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

·         Herlihy, David. Medieval and Renaissance Pistoia: The Social History of an Italian Town, 1200-1430. New Haven-London: Yale University Press, 1967.

·         Lubkin, Gregory. A Renaissance Court: Milan under Galeazzo Maria Sforza. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994.

·         Partner, Peter. Renaissance Rome, 1500-1559 : A Portrait of a Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

·         Rosenberg, Charles M. The Este Monuments and Urban Development in Renaissance Ferrara. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

·         Ryder, Alan. Alfonso the Magnanimous: King of Aragon, Naples and Sicily. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

·         Stow, Kenneth R. Theater of Acculturation : The Roman Ghetto in the Sixteenth Century. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2001.

·         Tuohy, Thomas. Herculean Ferrara: Ercole d'Este, 1471-1505, and the Invention of a Ducal Capital. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

TOP

Week 7

Humanism, philosophy, historiography

·         Baron, Hans. The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.

·         Biow, Douglas. Doctors, Ambassadors, and Secretaries: Humanism and Professions in Renaissance Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

·         Bisaha, Nancy. Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.

·         Frazier, Alison Knowles. Possible Lives: Authors and Saints in Renaissance Italy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

·         Grafton, Anthony. Leon Battista Alberti: Master Builder of the Italian Renaissance. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000.

·         Hankins, James. Plato in the Italian Renaissance. 2 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1990.

·         King, Margaret L. Venetian Humanism in an Age of Patrician Dominance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

·         Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources. Ed. Michael Mooney. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. 

·         Martines, Lauro. The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 1390-1460. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.

·         Trinkaus, Charles. In our Image and Likeness: Humanity and Divinity in Italian Humanist Thought. 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; London: Constable, 1970.

·         Wilcox, Donald J. The Development of Florentine Humanist Historiography in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969.

·         Witt, Ronald G. In the Footsteps of the Ancients: the Origins of Humanism from Lovato to Bruni. Leiden:  Brill, 2000.

Week 8

Art and society

·         Bull, Malcolm. The Mirror of the Gods: How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

·         Campbell, Stephen J. The Cabinet of Eros: Renaissance Mythological Painting and the Studiolo of Isabella d'Este. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004

·         Cooper, Tracy Elizabeth. Palladio's Venice: Architecture and Society in a Renaissance Republic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

·         Fiorani, Francesca. The Marvel of Maps: Art, Cartography and Politics in Renaissance Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

·         Goffen, Rona. Titian's Women. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

·         Goldthwaite, Richard. Wealth and the Demand for Art in Italy, 1300-1600. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

·         Kent, Dale. Cosimo de' Medici and the Florentine Renaissance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000

·         Kent, F.W. Lorenzo de' Medici and the Art of Magnificence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

·         King, Catherine. Renaissance Women Patrons. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.

·         Mack, Rosamond E. Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300-1600. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

·         Norman, Diana. Siena and the Virgin: Art and Politics in a Medieval City State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999

·         O'Malley, Michelle. The Business of Art : Contracts and the Commissioning Process in Renaissance Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

·         Randolph, Adrian W.B. Engaging Symbols: Gender, Politics, and Public Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.

·         Saslow, James M. The Medici Wedding of 1589: Florentine Festival as Theatrum mundi. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

·         van Veen, Henk. Cosimo I De' Medici and His Self-Representation in Florentine Art and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Week 9

Women, family, and children

·         Brown, Judith C. & Robert C. Davis, eds. Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. London-New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.

·         Chonajcka, Monica. Working Women of Early Modern Venice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

·         Chojnacki, Stanley. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

·         Crabb, Ann. The Strozzi of Florence: Widowhood and Family Solidarity in the Renaissance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.

·         Eisenbichler, Konrad. The Boys of the Archangel Raphael: A Youth Confraternity in Florence, 1411-1785. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.

·         Ferraro, Joanne M. Marriage Wars in Late Renaissance Venice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

·         Gavitt, Philip. Charity and Children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.

·         Herlihy, David and ChristianeKlapisch-Zuber. Tuscans and Their Families: A Study of the Florentine Catasto of 1427. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. French orig. 1978.

·         King, Margaret L. The Death of the Child Valerio Marcello. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

·         Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. Women, Family and Ritual in Renaissance Italy. Trans. Lydia G. Cochrane. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1985

·         Kolsky, Stephen. The Ghost of Boccaccio : Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italy.  Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.

·         Kuehn, Thomas J. Illegitimacy in Renaissance Florence. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.

TOP

Week 10

Private and public lives

·         Astarita, Tommaso. Village Justice: Community, Family, and Popular Culture in Early Modern Italy. Baltimore: Jonhs Hopkins University Press, 1999.

·         Bell, Rudolph M. How to Do It: Guides to Good Living for Renaissance Italians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

·         Brown, Patricia Fortini. Private Lives in Renaissance Venice: Art, Architecture, and the Family. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.

·         Chambers, David S. & Trevor Dean. Clean Hands and Rough Justice: An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.

·         Cohn, Samuel K., Jr. Death and Property in Siena, 1205-1800: Strategies for the Afterlife. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

·         Frick, Carole Collier. Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

·         Gaggio, Dario. In Gold we Trust: Social Capital and Economic Change in the Italian Jewelry Towns. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

·         Jacks, Phili & William Caferro. The Spinelli of Florence: Fortunes of a Renaissance Merchant Family. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.

·         Muir, Edward. Mad Blood Stirring: Vendetta and Factions in Friuli during the Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

·         Strocchia, Sharon T. Death and Ritual in Renaissance Florence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

·         Thornton, Dora. The Scholar in his Study: Ownership and Experience in Renaissance Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

·         Welch, Evelyn S. Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400-1600. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

Week 11

The church and the faithful

·         Godman, Peter. The Saint as Censor: Robert Bellarmine between Inquisition and Index. Leiden: Brill, 2000.

·         Gouwens, Kenneth. Remembering the Renaissance: Humanist Narratives of the Sack of Rome. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

·         Hallman, Barbara McClung. Italian Cardinals, Reform, and the Church as Property, 1492-1563. Berkeley:  University of California P, 1985.

·         Herzig, Tamar. Savonarola's Women: Visions and Reform in Renaissance Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

·         Hollingsworth, Mary. The Cardinal's Hat: Money, Ambition and Housekeeping in a Renaissance Court.  London: Profile, 2004.

·         Luongo, F. Thomas. The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006.

·         Maggi, Armando. Uttering the Word: The Mystical Performances of Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi, a Renaissance Visionary. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

·         Partner, Peter. The Pope's Men: The Papal Civil Service in the Renaissance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

·         Polecritti, Cynthia L. Preaching Peace in Renaissance Italy: Bernardino of Siena and his Audience. Washington: Catholic University Press of America, 2000.

·         Shaw, Christine. Julius II: The Warrior Pope. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1993.

·         Sperling, Jutta Gisela. Convents and the Body Politic in Late Renaissance Venice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

·         Strocchia, Sharon T. Nuns and Nunneries in Renaissance Florence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.

 Week 12

Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the crisis of Italy

·         Arfaioli, Maurizio. The Black Bands of Giovanni : Infantry and Diplomacy during the Italian Wars (1526-1528). Pisa: Edizioni Plus-Pisa University Press, 2005.

·         Anglo, Sydney. Machiavelli - the First Century : Studies in Enthusiasm, Hostility, and Irrelevance. Oxford-Warburg Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

·         De Grazia, Sebastian. Machiavelli in Hell. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

·         Gilbert, Felix. Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.

·         Hornqvist, Mikael. Machiavelli and Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

·         Hulliung, Mark. Citizen Machiavelli. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

·         Mansfield, Harvey C. Machiavelli's Virtue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

·         Martines, Lauro. Fire in the City: Savonarola and the Struggle for Renaissance Florence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

·         Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel. Fortune is a Woman: Gender and Politics in the Thought of Niccolò Machiavelli. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

·         Pocock, J.G.A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.

·         Seward, Desmond. The Burning of the Vanities: Savonarola and the Borgia Pope. Sutton, 2006.

·         Weinstein, Donald. Savonarola and Florence: Prophecy and Patriotism in the Renaissance. Princeon, 1970.

TOP

Week 13

Schooling, literacy, printing and censorship

·         Black, Robert. Humanism and Education in Medieval and Renaissance Italy: Tradition and Innovation in Latin Schools from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

·         Grafton, Anthony  & Lisa Jardine. From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; London: Duckworth, 1986.

·         Grendler, Paul F. The Roman Inquisition and the Venetian Press, 1540-1605. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

·         Grendler, Paul F. Schooling in Renaissance Italy : Literacy and Learning, 1300-1600. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

·         Grendler, Paul. The Universities of the Italian Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

·         Lowry, M.J.C. The World of Aldus Manutius: Business and Scholarship in Renaissance Venice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979.

·         Lowry, Martin J.C. Nicholas Jensen and the Rise of Venetian Publishing in Renaissance Europe. Oxford-Cambridge MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.

·         Richardson, Brian. Print Culture in Renaissance Italy: The Editor and the Vernacular Text, 1470-1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

·         Robin, Diana Maury. Publishing Women: Salons, the Presses, and the Counter-Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

 Week 14

After 1530

·         Biagioli, Mario. Galileo, Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

·         Burke, Peter. The Fortunes of the Courtier : The European Reception of Castiglione's Cortegiano. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.

·         Dandelet, Thomas James. Spanish Rome, 1500-1700. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.

·         Dooley, Brendan. Morandi's Last Prophecy and the End of Renaissance Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

·         Dursteler, Eric. Venetians in Constantinople: Nation, Identity, and Coexistence in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

·         Findlen, Paula. Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

·         Glixon, Beth Lise and Jonathan Emmanuel Glixon. Inventing the Business of Opera : The Impresario and His World in Seventeenth-Century Venice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

·         Kirk, Thomas Allison. Genoa and the Sea: Policy and Power in an Early Modern Maritime Republic, 1559-1684. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

·         Pollak, Martha D. Turin 1564-1680: Urban Design, Military Culture, and the Creation of the Absolutist Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

·         Rowland, Ingrid D. Giordano Bruno : Philosopher/heretic. 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.

·         Shea, William R. and Mariano Artigas. Galileo in Rome: The Rise and Fall of a Troublesome Genius. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

·         Schutte, Anne Jacobson. Aspiring Saints: Pretense of Holiness, Inquisition, and Gender in the Republic of Venice, 1618-1750. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

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Last update: 3/24/09