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More about Nouns & Pronouns 
  
Nouns and Pronouns have case, person,  number, and gender: 
  • Number is indicated by singular or plural:   I (singular)  We (plural)
  • Case is the form that shows how the relationship of that word to other words in the sentence.
  • Gender  means that the word refers to something either male or female.
  • Person is indicated by the first, second, or third.

First person is the person who's speaking or doing the action. 
Second person is the person being spoken to (usually "you" in its many forms) 
Third person is the person or thing being spoken about (he, she, it, John, the ball, etc...) 

English has 3 cases: subjective, objective and possessive. Nouns or pronouns in the subjective case are often used as the subject of the sentence or a clause: We chose the paved road.   


Nouns or pronouns in the objective case are used as direct or indirect objects in the sentence. Andrea told us a secret. (In this sentence, the objective case is being used as an indirect object)   

Nouns or pronouns in the possessive cases do no need the apostrophe s to show possession. Have you seen my rollerblades? 


CASE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Subjective Objective Possessive
Singular/Plural Singular/Plural Singular/Plural
First Person I                we me             us my/mine         our/ours
Second Person you           you you             you your/yours      your/yours
Third Person he  
she          they  
it		 him  
her             them  
it		 his  
her/hers          their/theirs  
its
     
 
AGREEMENT IN CASE BETWEEN PRONOUNS IN COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
  • A compound is literally two things put together to make one. 
So a compound subject is two subjects in one such as John and Millie. There can also be compound objects as well.  

 

Remember compound sentences? A compound sentence was actually two sentences joined together by a conjunction: 

John told the story, and everyone listened intently.   
With compound subjects and objects, the case for each noun or pronoun must agree.   

 

She and I went to the mall.  

Both she and I are in the subjective case and are being used as the subject of the sentence. 

 Sudah and I sang a song to the crowd. (subjective case)

The sight amazed him and me. (objective case) 

Sudah is the person being talked about, therefore Sudah is the third person.  

Because the compound subject is Sudah and I, the case for both must be subjective.

  You can not say Sudah and me because me is in the objective case.  

 
 
CASE WITHIN THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

 

The preposition is begin the prepositional phrase.  

 

...to the store The noun following that phrase is said to the "object of the preposition", and like all pronouns serving as objects, both direct and indirect, the pronoun that follows would need to be in the objective case:  

 

We went in after them. 

 

Therefore, it follows that a compound object in the prepositional phrase must be in the objective case: 

 

Yes:    Between you and me...
No:      Between you and I... 

 

However, if the prepositional phrase also serves as an introductory clause in the sentence, the subjective case is used: 

Yes:  After you and I spoke... 
No:  After you and me spoke...
 
CASE AFTER LINKING VERBS

 

Linking verbs connect subjects with their complements. A complement is the word that replaces the subject in the sentence.  

 

Dorva is the winner of the contest. 

 

Is is the linking verb of the sentence. Of the contest is the prepositional phrase that can not contain the complement.  

 

So, the subject must be Dorva and the complement is winner. Winner renames Dorva.  
The subject and the complement  must be in the same case. 

 

This is she.

 

 This is the subject, and  the subjective case is used. Therefore, she must also be in the subjective case.  

 

It is I.  

 

(The subjective case is required for both pronouns since it is the subject.)   This is proper English for academic writing, however, in informal speech and writing, we more often hear the incorrect form:  It is me. 
 
- SELF PRONOUNS
A reflexive word reflects back onto itself, like a reflection. Reflexive pronouns in are created with the addition of -self (singular) -selves (plural) to the word:   herself, himself, (singular)  themselves (plural)  

 

Tommy and Joey refinished the kitchen furniture themselves. 

 

Themselves reflects back to the original subject Tommy and Joey. 

 

-Self pronouns should not be used in subject or object compounds: 
No:    The inspector and myself went to look for the criminal.
Yes:    The inspector and I went to look for the criminal.