1. If a rat trained to expect food in Goal Box 1 of a double
runway
apparatus suddenly did not find food there, the rat will run...
a. slower towards Goal Box 2 because it is
frustrated.
b. faster towards Goal Box 2 because it is
frustrated.
c. slower towards Goal Box 2 because
it is hungry.
d. faster towards Goal Box 2 because it is
hungry.
2. The Premack principle asserts that access to ____ always
reinforces
____.
a. a low probability activity; a high
probability
activity.
b. food; activities such as playing a pinball
machine.
c. a high probability activity; a low
probability
activity.
d. any primary reinforcer; any other behavior.
3. Amsel's explanation for the partial reinforcement
extinction
effect differs from Capaldiís in thatÖ
a. Capaldi assumed that frustration was the
cause of the effect.
b. Amsel thought that rats learned that
reinforcement
could occur when frustrated.
c. Amsel thought that rats learned that
reinforcement
could occur after nonreinforcement.
d. All of the above.
4. The melioration theory of matching states that ...
a. momentary probabilities of reinforcement
govern response choice.
b. Individuals try to equalize the behavioral
cost of obtaining reinforcement from different sources.
c. Individuals use molar feedback to govern
response choice.
d. Individuals try to optimize their chances
of obtaining reinforcement.
5. The main point of the Shettleworth (1975) study was to show
that...
a. some responses benefit more from any type
of reinforcement than others.
b. some forms of reinforcement work better
than others.
c. the state of hunger can be reinforcing.
d. some combinations of response and
reinforcement
are better learned than others.
6. Which of the following training conditions will be most
sensitive
to the effects of reward devaluation upon instrumental responding?
a. a moderate amount of training on a VI
schedule.
b. an extended amount of training on a VI
schedule.
c. a moderate amount of training on a VR
schedule.
d. an extended amount of training on a VR
schedule.