Pavlovian Conditioning:  Determinants of Performance
1.  What 4 important factors have been shown to influence the form of the conditioned response?
2.  What is Pavlov's stimulus substitution theory?  Describe how the Jenkins and Moore (1973) study is relevant.
3.  What is a biconditional UR, and how can this be used to understand conditioned drug tolerance?
4.  Describe one result that points to the importance of the CS-US interval as a determiner of conditioned responding (see Akins et al, 2000).
5.  Discuss the problem that the Timberlake and Grant (1975) study poses for Pavlov's stimulus substitution theory of performance.
5.  Describe the main features of Timberlake's behavior systems theory and discuss why the results from the Timberlake and Grant (1975) study make sense from this perspective.
6.  How does the I/T ratio affect conditioning?

7.  What does comparator theory say about when conditioned responding occurs?

Instrumental Conditioning:  Basic Concepts
1.  Define instrumental conditioning and distinguish it from Pavlovian conditioning.
2. Identify 4 different preparations used to study instrumental learning, and illustrate how instrumental learning is assessed in each.
3. Why did Skinner advocate use of the Skinner box?
4. Name four different types of instrumental relations that have be studied.  Distinguish between them.
5.  How does the cumulative recorder measure instrumental conditioning?
6. What does shaping by successive approximations mean?

Instrumental Conditioning:  Schedules of Reinforcement & Choice
1. How does the cumulative recorder measure instrumental conditioning?
2. How is reinforcement earned on an interval schedule?  on a ratio schedule? and whats the difference between fixed and variable schedules?
3. What patterns of responding are produced by each of the basic schedules of reinforcement?
4. What is a concurrent  schedule of reinforcement?  How would you use it to study choice?
5.  What is Herrnstein's Matching Law?  Also, describe an experimental situation in which this law was discovered.
6.  Explain the Matching Law using momentary maximizing and melioration theories.

7. How can we study "self control" using a concurrent chains procedure? What does "delayed discounting" mean and how can it explain whether an organism acts impulsively or with self control?

8. What is the relationship between self control seen in childhood and health outcomes as an adult?

Instrumental Conditioning:  Determining Conditions
1. Name 4 different determining conditions for instrumental learning.
2. Describe the study by Dickinson, Watt, & Griffiths (1992).  What is its importance?
3. Describe the Ross & Neuringer (2002) study. What is its significance?
4. Describe the Shettleworth (1975) study. What is its significance? Breland and Breland (1961)?
5. What was the point of the Williams (1999) study?  Explain what they observed and what conclusions were reached.
6. Explain the studies we discussed in class showing that reward magnitude and perceived reward magnitude affects instrumental responding?
7. Descibe Colwill & Rescorla's (1986) instrumental contingency study.  What important point does it illustrate?

Instrumental Conditioning:  Associative structures
1. Distinguish between 4 different associations that can be learned during instrumental conditioning.

2. What is Thorndike's Law of Effect? How does the reward devaluation study provide evidence for what is learned in instrumental conditioning?
2. Describe the Adams (1982) reinforcer devaluation study and indicate what its results are and what they mean.
3. What interesting conclusion stems from the Adams (1982) study?  Explain.
4. What did Rescorla and Solomon (1967) say about what was learned in instrumental conditioning? Indicate how they thought the PIT task could be used to assess this.
5. What did the Kruse et al (1982) study show? the Dickinson and Dawson (1988) study?
6. Describe the Colwill and Rescorla (1990) study and indicate what it means. How do the findings argue against an interpretation in terms of learning binary associations in instrumental conditioning?