The full name of the Senate
committee charged with investigating
subversives is the Subcommittee to Investigate the Adminstration of the
Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Laws of the Committee
on the Judiciary, United States Senate. It is commonly abbreviated to
the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee (SISS). The subcommittee
focused on exposing Communists from 1951-77. A subcommittee of
the Committee on the Judiciary, it was the Senate equivalent to the
House Un-American Activities Committee.
In 1952-53, the SISS, chaired by Senator Patrick McCarran
(Democrat, Nevada) and then by Senator William Ezra Jenner
(Republican, Indiana), interrogated current and former Brooklyn College
faculty who had
been called up by the Rapp-Coudert Committee or otherwise named as
Communists. The hearings were held in New York City and in
Washington, D.C.
Their testimony at the SISS public hearings is reproduced here, as is
the
testimony of Joseph B. Cavallaro, Chairman
of the Board of Higher Education; Bella V. Dodd, former Teachers Union
official and former Communist; Harry Gideonse, President of Brooklyn
College; Charles J.
Hendley, former President of the Teachers Union; and George A. Timone,
member of the Board of Education.
The faculty who were still teaching at Brooklyn College
and who
refused to answer questions, citing either the First Amendment or the
Fifth Amendment, were summarily fired by the Board of Higher
Education. The New York City Charter permitted city employees who
did not answer the questions of government investigatory committees to
be fired
immediately. This provision was later declared
unconstitutional. And justly so.
Note: The
page numbers in the transcripts refer to pagination in Subversive Influence in the Educational
Process, for September 8, 1952 - September 15, 1953, the
official record published by
the Government Printing Office. The differences in the headings
for the testimonies are reproduced from the original text.
List of
Judiciary and SISS Committee Members
Judiciary Committee, 1952 and 1953
Internal Security Subcommittee, 1952 and
1953
Opening
statement of purpose of
hearings, 1952 and 1953
Testimony, listed
chronologically
Testimony, Listed Alphabetically
Harry G.
Albaum, Biology Department, testified
on September
25, 1952
He was a willing witness who admitted having
been a member of the Communist Party.
Joseph
Bressler, Health and
Physical Education Department, testified on February 10, 1953
He took the Fifth Amendment.
Joseph
B. Cavallaro, Member of
the
Board of Higher Education, testified on June 17, 1953
He read into the record resolutions and
by-laws adopted by the BHE on communism and cooperating with
investigative committees.
Bella V.
Dodd, former Teachers Union
official, first testified on September 8, 1952.
Expelled from the Communist
Party in 1949,
Dodd was a willing witness.
Bella V.
Dodd resumed her testimony
on September 9, 1952.
Bella V.
Dodd completed her
testimony on
March 10, 1953.
Frederic
Ewen, English Department, testified on
September 24, 1952.
He retired the day before his testimony.
and took the Fifth Amendment.
Harry
D. Gideonse, President,
Brooklyn College, testified March 11, 1953.
He vehemently denounced Communism/Communists.
Irving
Goldman, formerly in
Anthropology Department, testified April 1,1953.
He admitted to being a Communist but
refused
to name names.
Elton
Gustafson, Health and Physical
Education Department, testified on February 24, 1953.
He took the fifth amendment.
Charles
J. Hendley, former
president of
the Teachers Union, testified on February 24, 1953.
He finally takes the fifth amendment.
Alex
Benjamin Novikoff, formerly
in Chemistry Department, testified on April 23, 1953.
Now teaching at the University of Verment
College of Medicine, he took the fifth amendment.
Melba
Phillips, Mechanics and
Physical Science Department, testified on October 13,1952.
She took the
fifth amentment.
Sara
Riedman, Biology Department, testified on October
13, 1952.
She took the
fifth amentment.
Howard
Selsam, formerly in the
Philosophy Department, testified on April 8,
1953.
He took the fifth amendment.
Harry
Slochower, German Department,
testified on September 24, 1952.
He took the fifth amendment.
Geroge A
Timone, Board of Education,
testified on September 9, 1952
He defended the BE's behavior and
practices.
George A. Timone,
testified again on September 10, 1952.
He asked to
testify about new information
Murray
Young, English Department, testified on
February 24, 1953.
He took the fifth amendment.